Runway Incursions.

   Issue 418                                                                                                                              November 2014

Runway incursions, a top FAA safety concern, are formally defined as “any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.”1 Runway incursions can be caused by Pilot Deviations, Air Traffic Controller Operational Incidents, and Ground Vehicle Deviations. Examples of these errors include:

Pilot Deviations

Crossing a runway hold marking without ATC clearance

Taking off without clearance

Landing without clearance

Controller Operational Incidents

Clearing an aircraft onto a runway while another aircraft is landing on the same runway

Issuing a takeoff clearance while the runway is occupied by another aircraft or vehicle

Vehicle (Driver) Deviations

Crossing a runway hold marking without ATC clearance

Regardless of whose actions caused it, the inappropriate or unauthorized presence of an aircraft or vehicle on an active runway can lead to serious consequences. The following ASRS reports offer insight into some of the human factors and other issues involved in runway incursions.

Source: ASRS

http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/docs/cb/cb_418.pdf