Icing in the Aviation Environment

            Icing in the Aviation Environment

All you need to know about icing conditions, when you are flying, and also the important to understanding various aviation icing types.

Pilots, remember always, Ice in flight is bad news, it destroys the smooth flow of air, increasing drag while decreasing the ability of the airfoil to create lift. 

So, your airplane may stall at much higher speeds and lower angles of attack than normal. 

You need to know well the concept that it can roll or pitch uncontrollably, and recovery may be impossible.

Aircraft icing involves the buildup of different types on the outer surfaces of an airplane.

You as a good safety pilot need to know the critical conditions when you encounter freezing temperatures.

Always remember what are the 3 types of ice in general aviation:

1. Rime Ice.

2. Clear Ice.

3. Mixed Ice.

Always Fly Safely!

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting INC

Tail Strikes During Takeoff/Landing

 Tail Strikes

What are a Tail Strike and Why are they caused?

Tail strikes occur when the tail of an airplane hits the runway during takeoff or landing, could be caused maybe by pilot error or another technical factors. 

I share this interesting issue, and try to stay away to prevent a future tail strike incident during take off phases or landing.

Source:

https://www.newsweek.com/boeing-777-plane-tail-drag-takeoff-1924599

Always Fly Safely !

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting INC.

Happy Memorial Day 2024

 

Thunderstorms and Turbulence

 Thunderstorms and Turbulence

Many times, you as a pilot you have to make decisions involving thunderstorms and turbulence during flying.

So, in some tropical regions, thunderstorms, happen year-around, for example in United States, thunderstorms develop most frequently during spring, summer, and fall. 

In the arctic region occasionally experience thunderstorm during summer time.

In general, thunderstorms occur varies widely from season to season. 

Well, to explain and to be more specific, thunderstorms in general are most frequently during July and August and least frequent in December, and January, in to the United States.

In fact, the planet earth is unique in that its atmosphere, as pilots when we encounter bad weather during our itinerary, sometime are affected by weather, but we need to understand what you should know about weather how can shake your flight.

Weather is complex and sometimes difficult to understand, our restless atmosphere is almost, continuously in motion as it strives to reach stability.

So, preparation for your weather briefing before your flying is very essential to any pilot, meteorological and aeronautical information is provided by continuous sources.

Everyone, who flies no matter in what country you are flying encounters turbulence, at some time or other. 

Turbulence, varieties from bumpiness which can bother crew and passengers, and also can structurally damage the aircraft or injure its passengers.

So,aircraft reaction to turbulence varies with the difference in wind speed in adjacent currents, size of the aircraft , wing loading , and also aircraft attitude.

All pilots, know the first rule in flying turbulence is to reduce airspeed; you need to know very clear your limitations and follow up the recommended airspeed for penetrating turbulence when you knowing where to expect a thunderstorm or turbulence.

To a respectable review, always remember pilots: the main causes of turbulence are: convective currents, obstruction to wind flow, and also wind shear. 

Turbulence also occurs in the wake of moving aircraft whenever the airfoils exert lift – wake turbulence.

Be, alert all the time any combination of causes may occur at one time. 

I'm, interested in writing today and post, about this important concern, regarding thunderstorms and turbulence, to require and maintain a safe flight and land safely without any difficult.

I became interested in writing about this subject because when, I read some information regarding incidents and accidents involved commercial aircraft, who have had problems with some of its flights.

Types of turbulence, are:

Light, Moderate, Severe, and Extreme.

Always remember the good, safety pilot is one that is a conservative aviator and learns every day from the unexpected things that can happen in your cockpit.                                

Always Fly Safe....

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting INC.

1(954) 617-5374

Miami-Florida

Severe Turbulence Interview B777-300 Near Bankok

Severe Turbulence Interview B777-300 Near Bankok.

Mira lo que he compartido: Caracol Radio en X: "📻 Al aire en #10AM el capitán Luis Alberto Adelsohn, piloto experto en investigación de accidentes aéreos. Habla de las fuertes turbulencias en vuelo de Londres a Singapur. https://t.co/X99XndA0mX" / X @MIUI| https://x.com/CaracolRadio/status/1792953898249888069

Stabilized Landings

Stabilized Landings:

Stabilized Approach criteria have successfully elevated in the Cockpit Awareness of risky approaches.

Runway excursion can occur on Take Off or Landing, let’s analyze  these expressions:

·Veer Off: Depart the side of the runway.

· Overrun: Depart the end of the runway.

Most common types of Approach and Landings accidents : 

Landing veer off , landing overrun , unstabilized  approach , control flight in to terrain ( CFIT ) , collision with terrain no CFIT ,and runway overshoot. 

These comprise the 78 % of the total approach and landing accidents.

So, rushed and  unstabilized approaches  are the largest contributory  factor in Controlled Flight In to terrain ( CFIT ), and other approach  landing accidents . 

Evaluation some operations briefing notes approach techniques, rushed approaches result  in inadequate time for the flight crew to appropriately  plan , prepare , and execute a safe approach .

Specific Factors involved in rushed and unstabilized approaches. 

Therefore, flying stabilized approaches complying with the stabilization criteria and approach to understand well the concept to stay away from incidents and accidents is the key, so, if the pilot continued flying and unstabilized approach, maybe the pilot will encounter some targets that should be met for the approach and need to understand the following these four steps strategy immediately to escape and incident or accident, anticipate, detect, correct and decide.

These strategies will constitute a common sense objective and reference for the pilot flying and the pilot not flying the airplane.

Monitoring, provide the time an ability and attention must require in this final and critical phase of flying so back up timely and precise any deviation callouts for effective correction on time, positive corrective actions should be taken before any deviation that develop in to a challenging or a hazardous situation in which the only safe action is immediately execute a GO AROUND.

All crews have to remember these three essential parameters to be stabilized for a safe approach:

Aircraft Track, Flight Path Angle, and Air Speed.

So, associated flight operations briefing notes communicate, that the following notes must review with this information to share:

Decent and Approach Profile Management.

Energy Management during the Approach.

Being Prepared to a GO AROUND Immediately.

Flying Constant Angle Non Precision Approaches.

The Final Approach Speed.

Factors Affecting Landing Distances.

Keep in mind failure to Go Around contributed to one – third of all landing excursion accidents.

Always attempt to make a Stabilized Landing ,it  is a landing conducted where your aircraft is completely controlled from a point 50 feet above the threshold to a full stop on the landing surface, without any unintended or adverse aircraft deviations from the planned and briefed maneuver.

Fly a Stabilized Approach always, the risk of an approach and landing accident or incident is increased if you don’t identify the strategies to reduce the risk of runway excursion.

Always Fly Safe!

Safety Information is a free service of:

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting INC.

1(954) 617-5374

Latest Accident: 

XE Jet E 145 at Lagos Runway Excursion on landing. 

May 11, 2024

Source: Aviation Herald / linkedin Video

The Causes of Accidents Why?

The causes of accidents frequently repeated why?

One reason, is we as pilots need to be always have a good discipline inside the cockpit, and also include the best resources management (CRM), and avoid any distraction in the cockpit, have a good communication, a good pilot judgment, and a good decision-making (ADM).

So, in the past decade, the discipline of human factors has become instrumental in determining the fatal causes of aircraft accidents.

But, you as a professional pilot, you ask yourself a lot of many questions, but why accidents continue to happen, if I am a good well trained pilot.

We have the tools to prevent incidents and accidents, the airlines on the trainings departments the crews have the best instructors an all the tools to have the best pilots, but incidents continue affected the community and those incidents continue happen.

I know these words ideas have been expressed by me in other post's.

In, my personal and professional opinion, these concepts about why accidents contiunue happening, my only advice is to invite all pilots around the world fly safely and continue studying the human factors we as pilots always learn no matter how many years are you in this interesting carrer or have many hours you have gathering in your log-books, always be prepare for the unexpected to any situation, and fly your aircraft safe.

After completing this post, you as a professional pilot be able to discuss with your colleagues, the basic concepts and goals of a good CRM, and discuss with your airline that safety has improved more and more since the introduction of the CRM training.

So, I hope you enjoyed my lecture today, and you a safety pilot can contact me any time, it doesn't matter in what country you are flying if you need concepts regarding about safety you are very welcome here and your opininon also too.

Always Fly Safely!

Safety Information is a free service of:

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting INC.

1(954) 617-5374

Miami-Florida