Hard Landing Definition:

A hard landing on a snow-contaminated runway can lead to several dangerous consequences, including: loss of directional control, inability to slow down effectively, increased risk of runway overrun, potential for skidding or hydroplaning, and damage to the aircraft due to excessive forces on the landing gear; all of which can significantly increase the risk of an accident due to the reduced friction between the tires and the runway surface caused by the snow. 

Key points about hard landings on snow-covered runways:

Reduced braking effectiveness:

Snow significantly reduces the friction between the tires and the runway, making it much harder to decelerate the aircraft upon landing, potentially leading to a longer landing roll and overrun. 

Hydroplaning risk:

If the snow is slushy or wet, the aircraft can experience hydroplaning, where the tires lose contact with the runway due to a layer of water between them, further impairing braking ability. 

Directional control issues:

On a slippery surface, even slight rudder inputs can have a reduced effect, making it harder to maintain the aircraft's heading during landing rollout. 

Increased stress on landing gear:

A hard landing on a contaminated runway puts additional stress on the landing gear, potentially causing damage if the impact is too severe. 

Important considerations for landing on a snow-covered runway:

Pilot technique:

Pilots should use a "soft-field" landing technique with a lower touchdown speed and gentle braking to maximize friction and minimize the risk of skidding. 

Runway condition reports:

Carefully review the latest runway condition reports (RCR) to assess the level of snow contamination and determine if landing is safe. 

Decision to divert:

If the runway conditions are deemed too hazardous, pilots should consider diverting to an alternate airport with better conditions.

Safety Information is a free service of:

CRM 4 Pilots Aviation Consulting Inc.

1(954) 617-5374

Miami-Florida

Source: Web Safety Information 

( Hard Landing on contaminated runways)